The comma butterfly occurs throughout most of Europe and across Asia, reaching Japan. Open woodland and wood edges are the main habitats for both breeding and hibernation. Pre-hibernation individuals range more widely in search of nectar and rotting fruit and are seen regularly in gardens and many other habitats. The most widely used foodplant is common nettle.
The C-butterfly hibernates as an adult butterfly in sheltered, dry hiding places, often in woodpiles, sheds, eaves, or dense vegetation such as ivy. Thanks to the dark underside of their wings, which resemble a dried leaf, they are well camouflaged there.